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Cybertheft Agreement With China # Practice Reading

Somber (gloomily dark; shadowy; dimly lighted) against a backdrop (to provide a setting or background for) of grand pageantry (spectacular display; pomp), President Barack Obama laid out a fresh threat (an indication or warning of probable trouble) of sanctions (authoritative permission or approval, as for an action) against China for alleged (declared or stated to be as described; asserted) cybercrimes (criminal activity or a crime that involves the Internet, a computersystem, or computer technology) on Friday, even as he and Chinese President Xi Jinping reached an agreement (the act of agreeing or of coming to a mutual arrangement) not to conduct (personal behavior; way of acting; bearing or deportment) or support such hacking (replacement of a single course of stonework by two or more lower courses). “It has to stop,” Obama declared (publicly avowed or professed; self-confessed).

The president, in a Rose Garden news conference (a meeting for consultation or discussion) with Xi, was clear that he’ll be wary (arising from or characterized by caution)until the Chinese follow through on promised (an express assurance on which expectation is to be based) efforts to stop cyberespionage, saying, “The question now is: Are words followed by action?”

As for the possibility (the state or fact of being possible) of sanctions, against either individuals (a single human being, as distinguished from a group), businesses or state-run companies, he said: “We will apply those, and whatever other tools we have in our tool kit, to go after cybercriminals (A cybercriminal is an individual who commits cybercrimes, where he/she makes use of the computer either as a tool or as a target or as both) either retrospectively (directed to the past; contemplative of past situations, events, etc)or prospectively (of or in the future).”

Obama said the agreement was progress (forward or onward movement towards a destination) — but he added that “I have to insist (to lay emphasis in assertion) our work is not yet done.”

Xi, for his part, agreed that the two countries would not “knowingly support” cybertheft and promised to abide by “norms of behavior” in cyberspace.

“Confrontation (an open conflict of opposing ideas, forces, etc) and friction (dissension or conflict between persons, nations, etc., because of differing ideas, wishes, etc)are not the right choice for both sides,” Xi said, speaking through a translator (a person who translates).

Both countries claim they don’t engage (to occupy the attention or efforts of (a person or persons))in cybertheft (Stealing of financial and/or personal information through the use of computers for making its fraudulent or other illegal use) of commercial (prepared, done, or acting with sole or chief emphasis on salability,profit, or success) secrets, one of the deep differences that have threatened (to utter a threat against; menace) ties between the world’s two largest economies (the disposition or regulation of the parts or functions of any organic whole; an organized system or method).

Source :TIME

Read this again and again until you understand the passage entirely and grasp the vocabulary. Once you are sure, check out the quiz related to this passage.

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I Have A Dream # Practice Reading

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident (not needing to be demonstrated or explained; obvious.), that all men are created equal.”

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former (having previously been a particular thing) slaves ((especially in the past) a person who is the legal property of another and is forced to obey them) and the sons of former slave owners (a person who owns something) will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood (an association or community of people linked by a common interest, religion, or trade)…

… I have  a dream hat my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged (form an opinion or conclusion about) by the colour of their skin but by the content (a state of satisfaction) of their character,

I have a dream today!

The power of conviction (a formal declaration by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law that someone is guilty of a criminal offence) that rings through Martin Luther King’s words cannot fail to bring tears to the eyes. And we understand why these words were so prophetic (accurately predicting what will happen in the future), so world-changing, in the wake of these words, the US Government passed the civil rights act and voting rights for the Africans-Americans in the mid-60s. At least in law, if not fully in spirit, Martin Luther King’s dream has come true.

Visionaries (a person with original ideas about what the future will or could be like)are dreamers of dreams. With narrowed (become or make more limited in extent or scope)eyes they look into the distant (far away in space or time) shore (the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or other large body of water)and see things that others cannot. Then like divers (to go below the surface of the water, as a submarine)who bring up pearls for our delectation (delight), they show us what they see. And by doing so, they take us to the next step.

Question Time

There are two columns given, the first column has the words and the second columns the meaning.

Match the word with their correct meaning, and make sure that you don’t cheat, or else there will be no benefit.

 

COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2
1. self-evident  (i)become or make more limited in extent or scope
 2. slaves  (ii) delight
 3. brother hood  (iii)(a formal declaration by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law that someone is guilty of a criminal offence
 4. content  (iv)a state of satisfaction
 5.prophetic  (v)the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or other large body of water
 6.narrowed  (vi) obvious
 7. shore  (vii)form an opinion or conclusion about
8. divers  (viii)an association or community of people linked by a common interest, religion, or trade
9.

delectation

  (ix)far away in space or time
10. distant  (x)far away in space or time
11.

visionaries

  (xi)accurately predicting what will happen in the future
12. conviction  (xii)a person who is the legal property of another and is forced to obey them
13. judged  (xiii)a person with original ideas about what the future will or could be like
14. owners  (xiv)having previously been a particular thing
15. former  (xv)to go below the surface of the water, as a submarine.

ANSWER

  1. vi
  2. xii
  3. viii
  4. iv
  5. xi
  6. i
  7. v
  8. xv
  9. ii
  10. ix
  11. xiii
  12. iii
  13. vii
  14. x
  15. xiv

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Writing Effective Conclusion

Although it comes at last, it is not the least important. Conclusion of the essay is as important as is the introduction of the essay. But then, what are the things that need to be included in the conclusion and what are the ones that need to be avoided i.e. how can one write an effective conclusion.

The best part of the conclusion is that there is nothing you need to create anymore. You are required to use the same ideas and give a strong ending to your essay. Well, there are many things you can consider while writing the conclusion of the essay but following are few tips that you need to follow very strongly –

  1. Don’t add any new ideas- Conclusion simply restates the ideas that have already been used in the body paragraphs. Any new concept or idea must not be written here.
  2. Your opinion matters – This is the part of the essay in which you need to write the statement that clearly answers the question. You need to write what is your opinion about the question and make sure it is clearly stated.
  3. Language must be varied – Paraphrasing is the key. Remember, just because you are restating what has been already talked about, does not mean that you have to re write it yet again in the same language. You might lose marks if you attempt to do so.
  4. Conclusion is the end – You have already stated what you wanted to in the body paragraphs. You are not required to state every fact again. Rather, bring out only the main key points.
  5. Two is not the key –When it comes to conclusion, it is very important that you write only one. Writing more than one, might lead you to lose some marks.

Some of the linking words you can use to start your conclusion are –

  • In conclusion
  • To conclude
  • Overall

You can even add a recommendation or a future possibility, but make sure that you do it if you have time left.

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Plan Your Essay

A plan can take you miles. This is often a saying, regarded as the perfect quote for life. But, it is also the correct saying, if you want to get high marks in the writing section of IELTS. The reason most people face problems in essays, is because they start writing as soon they read the question. And that is the main issue with it. Until and unless each and every sentence has a purpose, chances are that you will end up writing either gibberish or something that an examiner does not expects out of you.

But then, most of you would argue that you get only 40 minutes to write an essay, what must you do then?? Well, plan. It is only way out and trust me, the time spent on planning is worth it. Just imagine, you start writing an essay without a plan. Half way through it you realise that you have written something wrong, what next will you do?? Obviously delete. So, yet again, the time gets wasted because you did not plan.

There are four things that you need to consider while writing an essay –

  1. Question
  2. Idea
  3. Structure
  4. Vocabulary

QUESTION – The question is the most important part of the writing task. You are marked on every aspect of the question. So, if you don’t answer a particular part of the question, you certainly will lose marks. Or if, you answer a part of the question wrongly, you be sure of losing marks.

For instance-

Some people think that it should be compulsory for people to retake their driving test after every five years.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of doing this?

So, now while answering this question, you need to bring out the advantage and disadvantage of giving driving test every five years. If you just write the advantages or the disadvantages and not the both, you will surely lose marks.

IDEA – Most of us think that the only way of getting great ideas is by brainstorming ourselves. But the fact is that although, you might get lot of ideas, but mostly they are not the ones that are required. So, instead of brainstorming yourself, ask the following questions –

What are the advantages of learning driving every five years?

What are the disadvantages of learning driving every five years?

It is okay if you have only two solid ideas for each of the question. Remember, it does not matter how many ideas you put in, but how well you explain what you have figured out.

STRUCTURE – Structure plays a very important role in IELTS. You may have a good idea, a great vocabulary but if you fall in structure, you are more likely to lose marks!! Given below is a structure that you may follow in the writing task of IELTS –

Paragraph 1- Introduction

Sentence 1- Paraphrase Sentence

Sentence 2- Thesis Statement

Sentence 3- Outline Statement

Paragraph 2- Advantages

Sentence 4- Topic Sentence

Sentence 5- Explanation

Sentence 6- Example

Paragraph 3- Disadvantages

Sentence 7- Topic Sentence

Sentence 8- Explanation

Sentence 9- Example

Paragraph 4- Conclusion

Sentence 1- Summary of main points

VOCABULARY

I don’t think I need to rewrite the importance of vocabulary in IELTS. The only thing that need reconsideration is that, make sure that while using high end vocabulary words you use them correctly. Often a word has more than one meaning, and you must make sure that you are using the word in the right context.

So, go on and use the following tips and make sure that now on, when you write essays you follow these tips. Remember, you are going to write the final essay the way you practice your mock test essays. Try to bridge the gap between your exam and preparation.

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