Category: IELTS Vocabulary

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Tenses # Grammar For IELTS

TENSES

You must be aware of what is verb. If not have a look at this.

Now, an action could be performed anytime. It could either be in present, past or future. So, to represent these verbs correctly, one must be aware of the time(tense) it is happening.

When the verb is referring to present time, it is said to be in PRESENT tense.

When the verb refers to the past time, it is said to be in PAST tense.

A verb that refers to the future time, is said to be in FUTURE tense.

kinds of tenses

kinds of tenses

Now, all these forms of tenses are further classified into-

  1. Simple present/past/future
  2. Present/past/future continuous
  3. Present/past/future Perfect
  4. Present/past/future Perfect Continuous

Let us begin by looking at the examples of each.

Simple present tense
I speak.
He comes.
They go.
We run.
Present continuous tense

I am speaking.
He is coming.
They are going.
We are running.
Present perfect tense

I have spoken.
He has come.
They  have gone.
We have run.
Present perfect continuous
I have been speaking.
He has been coming.
They have been going.
We have been running.
Simple past tense
I spoke.
He came.
They went.
We ran.
Past continuous tense
I was speaking.
He was coming.
They were going.
We were running.
Past perfect tense
I had spoke.
He had come.
They have gone.
We had run.
Past perfect continuous
I had been speaking.
He had been coming.
They have been going.
We had been running.
Simple future tense

I shall/will speak.
He shall/will come.
They will/shall go.
We will/shall run.
Future continuous tense

I shall/will be speaking.
He shall/will be coming.
They shall/will be going.
We shall/will be running.
Future perfect tense
I shall/will have spoken.
He shall/will have come.
They shall/will have gone.
We shall/will have run.
Future perfect continuous tense
I shall/will be speaking.
He shall/will be coming.
They shall/will be going.
We shall/will be running.

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Doctor Doctor!! # Specific Words

Doctors are everywhere, no matter which part of the world you are. but are all doctors same? Well, no.
Every doctor does specializes in a particular area and they are known by it.
Lets learn how to talk about doctors.

FEMALE TROUBLES?
He/she is responsible for treating the female reproductive and sexual organs. Who is he/she?
A GYNECOLOGIST
GYNECOLOGIST is make from two words-
Gyne-: woman
Logy-: science
HAVING A BABY?
This specialist is responsible for babies and takes care of the mother and baby during and after pregnancy.
A OBSTETRICIAN
OBSTETRICIAN is made of two words-:
Obstetrix-: midwife
Ician-: expert
IS THE BABY ILL?
Who should you go to when the baby is ill> may be he/she has chicken pox/meals/mumps. This specialist takes care of youngsters, babies after birth, watches their growth and development.
PEDIATRICIAN is made of the three words.
Paidos-: child
Iatreia-: medical healing
Ician-: expert
SKIN ISSUES?
Are you having pim[ples or rashes? Is your skin itching? Do you find strange changes in the skin? Or is there some major skin disease like impetigo, psoriasis or cancer? But how do you know what it is? who is going to cure it?
A DERMATOLOGIST
Derma-: skin
Logos- science
ARE YOUR EYES OKAY?
She/he cares about the disorders in your eyes like myopia or cataracts etc and prescribes glasses, performs surgery give drugs.
An OPHTHALMOLOGIST
HOW ARE YOUR BONES?
Have you had any bones fracture, slipped discs, clubfoot, curvature of the spine or issues in skeletal structure of your body? Where did you went? Bone doctor??
No, you will go to an ORTHOPEDIST
ISSUES OF HEART
Does your heart go pitter-patter? Well have you had any disorders of heart or circulatory system? Who did you referred to? A heart doctor?
Well, you must go to a CARDIOLOGIST
IS THE BRAIN WORKING FINE?
You go to this physician for creating any disorders of brain, spinal cord or the rest of the nervous system. Who is he/she?
A NEUROLOGIST

So, from now on, stop saying skin doctor or baby doctor. Use the right words and show the world who you are!
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Kinds Of Nouns

NOUN

A noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing.
For example-:

  1. Ashoka was a great warrior.
  2. The French army was defeated at the waterloo.
  3. I have got three books.
  4. The crowd was very big.
  5. Her laughter can swing your mood around.

The words highlighted in the above examples are nouns.

KINDS OF NOUNS

KINDS OF NOUNS

PROPER NOUN
The name of a particular person or thing.
For Example-:
India, Anmol, Kohinoor, Assam etc.

  • A proper noun is always capitalized.
  • A proper noun can even be used as common noun. For example-:
    Kalidas is often called the Shakespeare of India.
COMMON NOUN
A common noun is a name given in common to a person or thing of the same class.
For Example-:
Girl, hero, coward, author etc.

Common nouns are of two types-:

ABSTRACT NOUN
Abstract nouns are used to express concepts, experiences, ideas, qualities, and feeling.
The names of arts and sciences are also abstract. For e.g. grammar, music, chemistry etc.
Abstract nouns can be formed from the following-:

  1. From adjectives-: kindness from kind; strength from strong
  2. From verbs-: obedience from obey; punishment from punish.
  3. From common nouns-: kingship from king, theft from thief
COLLECTIVE NOUN
A collective noun is a noun that is used to refer to a group of individuals.
For example-: crowd, mob, fleet, flock etc.

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Apart from proper and common nouns, nouns also have a classification called, countable and uncountable nouns.

COUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable nouns are the ones that can be counted, for e.g. names of object or people etc.
Books, pen, apple, sister are all countable nouns.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Uncountable nouns are the ones that cannot be counted e.g. sugar, honesty, gold etc.

Note: countable nouns have plural form but uncountable nouns don’t have plural forms.

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Subject And Predicate

While studying grammar the two most heard words are, “subject” and “predicate”. But what is a subject and a predicate?
A sentence consist of two parts-:

  1. The person or the thing we are talking about.
  2. What we are speaking about the person or the thing.

For example-:
Bad habits grow unconsciously.
What are we talking about? Bad habits.
What are we saying about bad habits? They grow unconsciously.
So, a sentence usually has a subject to speak about and it usually says or predicate something about the subject.

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE


In terms of definition-:

SUBJECT
The part which names the person or the thing we are talking about in the sentence.
PREDICATE
What we say about the subject is called the predicate.

NOTE: The best way to identify subject and predicate is to question.
What are we talking about? The answer is subject.
What are we talking about the subject? The answer is predicate.


EXERCISE 101


In each of the questions a part has been highlighted. Find out if it is the subject or the predicate.

  1. The girl climbed the mountains.
  2. The girl climbed the mountains.
  3. Sometimes the predicate comes before the subject.
  4. I need help with the vocabulary.
  5. My favorite month is July.
  6. July is my favorite month.
  7. Cricket is the most watched sport in our country.
  8. Anvesha climbed.
  9. My new pen has stopped working.
  10. The last person to finish the race was Amarjeet.
  11. You have a mock test tomorrow.
  12. Nature is the best physician.
  13. The earth revolves around the sun.
  14. Out of all the days, Tuesday is my favorite.
  15. Steve Jobs is the founder of apple.
  16. The hour to prepare lessons has arrived.
  17. The burnt child died on the way to hospital.
  18. They expect to see the prime minister.
  19. Your hands are certainly dirty.
  20. One man meat is another man’s poison.

ANSWERS

  1. Subject
  2. Predicate
  3. Subject
  4. Subject
  5. Subject
  6. Predicate
  7. Subject
  8. Predicate
  9. Predicate
  10. Predicate
  11. Subject
  12. Subject
  13. Subject
  14. Subject
  15. Subject
  16. Subject
  17. Predicate
  18. Subject
  19. Predicate
  20. Subject

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