Marine Food Chain # Practice Reading

QUESTION TIME

Some of the words given above have been highlighted. Reading the passage, try to figure out the meaning of the words and answer them. If there are issues and you are not able to ind out the answer, below.

Meanwhile, warming of the oceans is causing water to thermally expand fueling  sea level rises caused by melting land ice. Research released in the US on Monday found that Antarctic ice is melting so fast that the whole continent could be at risk by 2100, with severe consequences for coastal communities.

Problems in the ocean’s food chains will be a direct concern for hundreds of millions of people who rely upon seafood for sustenance , medicines and income. The loss of coral reefs could also worsen coastal erosion (the process by which the surface of the earth is worn away by the action of water, glaciers, winds, waves, etc)due to their role in protecting shorelines from storms and cyclones.

“These effects are happening now and will only be exacerbated in the next 50 to 100 years,” Nagelkerken said. “We are already seeing strange things such as the invasion of tropical species into temperate waters off south-eastern Australia. But if we reduce additional stressors such as overfishing and pollution, we can give species a better chance to adapt to climate change.”

ANSWERS

warming – of or at a moderately high temperature; characterized by comparatively high temperature

thermally –caused by heat or temperature

expand to increase in extent, size, volume, scope, etc

fueling combustible matter used to maintain fire, as coal, wood, oil, or gas, in order to create heat or power

coastal –of, relating to, bordering on, or located near a coast

sustenance –means of sustaining life

coral reefs – a reef composed mainly of coral and other organic matter of which parts have solidified into limestone.

erosion – the process by which the surface of the earth is worn away by theaction of water, glaciers, winds, waves, etc

shorelines – the line where shore and water meet

exacerbated – to increase the severity, bitterness, or violence of (disease, ill ,etc.)

invasion – an act or instance of invading or entering as an enemy, especially byan army

stressors – an activity, event, or other stimulus that causes stress.

Now, mark yourself and calculate how much you scored.

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Problems In Cities # Essay For IELTS


People living in large cities face a number of problems in their daily lives.
What are the main problems in cities and how can these problems be tackled?

In recent times, more and more people are living in big cities and urban conurbations are expanding all the time. Although cities offer a great lifestyle and is a land of numerous opportunities, it also hosts some significant social problems affecting the lives of thousands of individuals. This essay will examine some of these problems in detail, and then propose some solutions.

One of the major problems facing people who live in cities is the high stress levels. Most of the people living in cities work under high work pressure, often leaving them emaciated at the end of the day. They tend to have not a minute for themselves and fall into the lazy habits of no exercise and eating junk food that worsen the situation. To solve this problem, awareness about health must be created by both the government as well as the organizations. Even more, the number of working hours must be reduced.

Another issue is traffic and pollution. With more and more people shifting their base to cities, not only have they become more congested but also the level of pollution as increased dramatically. The exhaust fumes from the cars cause air pollution, and as a consequence, more and more people are suffering from respiratory diseases, such as asthma. This problem could be addressed by charging people who travel alone in car.

Finally, another problem is the high property prices in cities. In many cities, buying a house often costs people an arm and leg, leaving them with no other choice than to live on rent. To add insult to injury, the prices of rent houses are often touching the sky. This results in poor health amongst individuals as they often spend their money on houses, leaving them with little to no money for daily expenditure.
To sum up, although it is clear that cities face a range of problems, it is un doubtable to solve these issues and improve the quality of life. Governments and local people must join hands to improve the situation, else it will fall into the black hole in near future.

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Working From Home # Essay For IELTS

You must spend 40 minutes on this task.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of working from home.

Over the last decade, the way people do business has changed dramatically due to major advances in technology. As a result, a growing number of people are now choosing to work from the comfort of their own home. This has initiated a debate on how effective is this method of working? In this essay, I will discuss the pros and cons of working from home and try to draw some conclusion.

Looking at the positive side of the aspect, work from home brings along with it great advantages. One of the major
plus point is the fact that you don’t have to commute to work. Millions of people every day spend hours on travelling from their house to the office during the rush-hour traffic. Obviously, you need not to deal with these issues if you turn your home into work place.

Secondly, one can utilize time more effectively. For instance, during the fixed hours and work, one is bound by a time table; where you need to do a particular work, attend fixed time meetings etc. A person working remotely is bound to have less stress as he/she can manage their own deadlines and work accordingly.

Turning to the other side of the argument, it can be very easy to be distracted while working at home. For instance, it is very tempting to open your television or to have a chat with your friend. Clearly, these distractions will dramatically reduce how much you work.
Another disadvantage of working from home is there is less interaction amongst colleagues. Working at office, allows the interactions among peers, often leading to talks involving inflow of great ideas. This sometimes makes people feel cut-off, despite the extra freedom they have at home.

To conclude, there are both positives and negatives of working this way. Although it provides freedom and reduced stress levels, it often reduces productivity. Personally, I believe each one is to his own. Those who love interacting with individuals must go for the regular office hour work, while those with some personal boundations must enjoy work from home.
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Prison As Punishment # Essay For IELTS

You should spend 40 minutes on this task.

Prison as punishment for criminals is a very effective way. Discuss.

SAMPLE ANSWER

These days, every time you turn on your television or flick through the pages of newspaper, you learn about the victims of crime. But what is the most effective way of combating crime? Some people believe that sending criminals to prison can help in reducing the crime rates. I agree to some extent with this opinion but firmly believe that prison is the place of rehabilitation but must be used only as a last option.

Firstly, life in jail is becoming quite money driven. Criminals with more money or power are often being offered services such as television, computers or sports facilities. Even more, in some cases they are provided cells that are different from others and are kept aloof. This creates a feeling of inequality and the idea that money is more powerful than law gets circulated.

Another reason why I regard prison as the last option for punishment is because in prisons, all criminals are kept together. So, for instance, a person acquitted of rape is kept with the same person accused of shop lifting. This results in the latter to open up more to the criminal world, increasing his/her chances of doing a crime.
However, prisons also serve as place for reassessment. It has often been seen that prisoners on realizing their mistakes, improve on themselves personally as well as professionally. This is mostly possible because of the various courses being offered to them.

All things considered, life in prison can be a good way to punish criminals but care must be taken on the details of how things actually function inside the bars. Personally, I believe prison must be the last option when all has failed.
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